What is fractional varicose veins?
This is a form of varicose veins in which there is no venous discharge. In this case, inflammation of the deep, or branched, veins, 3 mm or more in diameter, occurs.
The development of the disease begins with the fact that the function of the venous valves is impaired. This leads to blood reflux. This is called reflux. The subsequent breaks become the cause of inflammation and pathological expansion of the walls of the branch veins.
Varicose veins develop only in the veins (vessels that carry blood from organs to the heart). The reason for this is the difference in the structure of veins and arteries: the veins don't have enough muscle layers to contract and push blood through the bloodstream.
There are valves along the entire length of a vein that allow blood to flow in only one direction. When the valves don't close enough, some of the blood returns and creates excess pressure in the vessel, unable to push the fluid further.
Then this leads to stretching of the walls and the development of inflammatory processes in the malfunctioning parts of the veins, increasing the pressure in the subcutaneous network.
All veins in the human body are divided into deep, superficial and perforated. The deep vessels do almost everything (90%) carry blood to the heart, and the turbid vessels are a kind of bridge between the deep and the surface.
The structure of the veins includes valves that steer and facilitate blood flow in the right direction. When the circulatory system fails, a portion of the blood accumulates at one point.
This results in a local expansion (elongation) of the vessel. First to suffer are deep veins (the so-called varicose veins), then superficially in the form of "spider veins and nodes. "
In order to be fully aware of the severity of the disease, it should be noted that its progression threatens the development of thrombophlebitis, pulmonary artery obstruction due to thrombosis (or thrombosis), as well as trophic ulcers of the legs, lymphopathy (edema of the lower extremities) and many other problems that can lead to the patient's death.
It has been determined that risk factors that significantly increase the likelihood of developing pathology are:
Varicose veins of the legs, leading to varicose veins, occurs for many reasons.
One of the main reasons for this type of varicose veins is pathology in the growth of blood vessels, when the muscle walls of the veins become denser and a so-called membrane forms internally. Arterial blood does not enter the capillary system, so the tissues do not receive the required amount of oxygen.
Dilated arm veins are rarely removed, often with conservative treatment:
Compression sleeves and gloves are also provided to the patient. You should not wear compressed metal textiles all the time, but while playing sports, strenuous physical activity and weightlifting, it is necessary.
These sleeves and gloves help reduce swelling, heavy feeling and numbness in the hands. The exercise on the step simulation improves blood circulation throughout the body, which is essential for varicose veins.
One of the reasons for development is genetics. Moreover, the disease "lineages" is mainly transmitted by women. The structural characteristics of blood vessels are transmitted genetically. If you do not follow the basic rules of prevention, with weak venous walls, you can develop varicose veins.
The second reason is pregnancy. At this time, the greater the load on the veins, their tone decreases due to changes in the hormonal background. Strong pressure due to increasing uterus and increasing weight. Childbirth has a greater negative effect on the veins. That was the time when varicose veins got sick in many women.
Uncomfortable shoes and clothing is another reason. Tight jeans and shoes, high heels, and heavy bags are beneficial for serious illness. Heel should not exceed four centimeters. Wide boot.
The fourth cause is bad habits and difficult working conditions. Waitresses, hairdressers, and salesmen are especially susceptible to such diseases. If you supplement the wrong diet, smoke cigarettes, then dilating the veins is inevitable. Even the harmless "cross-legged" sitting can lead to harmful consequences.
Sports load should be moderate. Varicose veins are common in weightlifters. Lifting weights and strength training is another reason. If we add inclination to this, the result is unpleasant. Always remember that exercise is not always beneficial.
The most common type of varicose veins is varicose veins in the legs, so many people think that the problem is only concentrated in these parts of the body. But there are several types of this disease, which are distinguished by the location of the pathology.
Such places are:
Varicose veins or varicose veins is a disease in which blood flow is impaired due to thin veins and loss of elasticity. The disease does not come on suddenly, it is preceded by many factors.
The main thing is blood stasis in the extremities due to sedentary lifestyle. First, the vascular "mesh" and "stars" do not appear on the legs.
Then, if you don't start the treatment, the veins become denser, allowing fluid to pass through, because of this, blood circulation slows and large, convex veins appear. on foot. There are different types of varicose veins depending on the progression of the disease.
Varicose veins is not only a cosmetic defect, but also a dangerous disease with many complications. Complications of varicose veins include: thrombophlebitis, bleeding, loss of pigmentation in the varicose veins, lack of oxygen in the tissues.
This disease must be treated as soon as symptoms appear, then treatment will be easier and faster. Before starting treatment, you need to diagnose varicose veins, you need to donate blood for tests and general examination.
Diagnosis is needed to determine the type of varicose veins and prescribe effective treatment to relieve the uncomfortable symptoms, restore lightness and beauty to the feet.
Varicose veins are classified according to the severity of the disease and the location of varicose veins. The symptoms and treatment of each type of varicose veins also differ. Let's take a closer look at the types of varicose veins that exist, their symptoms and methods of treatment.
Varicose veins in the legs
Every year, more and more cases of varicose veins are reported, especially among young people. But a few decades ago, varicose veins were considered a disorder in the elderly.
Therefore, modern specialists have developed a classification system for the main and most common diseases. The types of varicose veins in the legs vary in symptoms, location, and rate of progression.
The structure of the venous system is very complex and consists of large, medium, small, meshes, and capillaries.
Deformation of the veins of the lower extremities can manifest itself in all parts of this system and in some areas of it.
Based on which blood vessel changes, different types of varicose veins in the hind legs are analyzed:
Each type of varicose veins of the lower extremities should be considered in detail due to the nature of the pathological process.
This type of disease is characterized by damage to the reticular veins, whose diameter is not more than 2 mm. These circuits are blue or green in color and are often intertwined in the form of a grid, lines, or stars. They are just below the skin.
The entire course of the disease is usually divided into four stages, each of which is characterized by certain signs:
Varicose veins have many stages. If treatment is not started in time, then it is inevitable that the transition to the next stage is unavoidable.
Treatment of stages of varicose veins is different. If in the early stages the patient can be helped with treatment with drugs, ointments, vitamins, and exercises on simulators such as jumps, it will take more time and effort to reduce the symptoms. evidence of the next stage.
In the final stage, only surgery can help. It is true that the modern treatments for varicose veins are very effective, painless and do not require long term rehabilitation.
Such operations are performed in the hospital, without requiring the patient to be hospitalized and without complications.
At risk are patients whose work involves strenuous physical activity or constantly sitting in one place. Depending on the stage and type of varicose insufficiency, the doctor prescribes its own treatment.
Varicose leg veins in the first stage, the response to treatment is very fast, the doctor gives a positive prognosis. Therefore, when unpleasant symptoms first appear in the legs, arms or other body organs, it is important to urgently contact a qualified specialist for a qualitative diagnosis. pathology and prescribing treatments tailored to you according to your individual characteristics and body structure.
stages 1 and 2 of vacuum varicose veins require radical treatment. Drug treatment is prescribed with drugs, and recommended products support the walls of blood vessels, which can be vitamins, trace elements, minerals, and other useful substances that the body lacks.
In addition to drug treatment, fibrosis therapy is very often used - a medical method in which the victim is injected with the affected vein to stick to the affected areas.
It is also important to assign special exercises to help stimulate the muscle system, metabolism in blood cells and artificially increase vascular tone in the legs.
Varicose veins of any kind and type are all venous diseases, caused by unhealthy lifestyle and diet. Moderate daily physical activity and fortified food intake will largely provide anyone who qualifies for prevention of this disease.
Grade 1 varicose veins is characterized by no outward manifestations. You can suspect an onset of illness with the following signs:
Some patients with restless leg syndrome - lying in bed, who cannot find a comfortable position, has a discomfort in their legs. This leads to sleep disturbances. An increase in symptoms is noted in hot weather.
With degree 2 varicose veins, symptoms are much more pronounced. They show up at the peak of the workday, and at night they reach their maximum. The pain was so severe that pain reliever was taken.
This stage is characterized by the appearance of clinical signs:
In these areas, the sensation of itching and soreness increases. Towards the end of stage 2 of lower extremity varicose veins, the veins become prominent under the skin as blue spots and stripes.
Warning: At this stage, the disease is still curable. A person can recover from illness if they seek timely medical help.
Grade 3 varicose veins is characterized by a pronounced deformation of the vascular wall - it thickens and the vessels become zigzag. Veins are noticeably protruding under the skin, looking like bunches of grapes in appearance.
A person is worried about severe pain in his leg, cramps, fatigue. Swelling occurs both in the evening and in the morning. This stage of varicose veins is characterized by a change in the condition of the skin. It becomes too dry and flaky. These manifestations are particularly pronounced in areas of deformed veins.
Symptoms of third stage of varicose veins in the legs
At the third stage, complications of the disease develop - thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism. Their appearance is related to a pronounced stagnation of blood in the vessels, as a result of which blood clots are formed. With thrombophlebitis, inflammation of the venous wall occurs, manifested by an increase in temperature and severe pain in the leg.
Thromboembolism is a dangerous complication of varicose veins, which involves separating the blood clot from the venous walls and into large vessels. Normally, a blood clot from the leg vein enters the pulmonary artery. This causes pulmonary edema and death within minutes.
This is varicose veins that have been ignored. The veins are even more deformed, looking like garlands or ropes under the skin. Touching them is painful, almost always at the stage of inflammation. Lymphostasis develops - stagnation of lymph in the vessels. The legs are very swollen, and the swelling does not decrease even at rest.
Scientists around the world systematized the manifestations of varicose veins of lower extremities.
With the patient's due attention to the state of his or her own health, it is impossible not to notice the onset of disease development.
As the disease progresses, the patient will get more and more pain, a constant tugging sensation in the knee area.
If you have degree 2 esophageal varices, you will not be able to eat and drink normally, heartburn and chest pain are frequent. By the way, many people blame heart and intercostal pain for this - few people know about the existence of varicose veins of the esophagus.
Seeing with the naked eye, more and more manifestations of the disease: with the naked eye, prominent green veins are visible, under the skin may appear dark green nodules.
Does 2nd grade varicose veins need surgery? It is still possible to prevent the development of the disease without surgical intervention: you just need not be inactive and regularly take care of your feet.
Usually, the disease appears in men after the age of fifty. The cause of male infertility may be due to varicose veins.
Varicose veins develop gradually. At first, structural changes in the veins have no outward manifestations, and the disease can be recognized only by the following signs:
One of the listed signs or their joint appearance indicates early stage of venous insufficiency. Seek medical attention and take timely measures that can prevent further structural changes in the circulatory system. Ignoring the signs of the disease leads to a more severe condition.
The next stage is characterized by the appearance of external signs: dilated vessels become evident on the skin, in some areas of the lower extremities, skin pigmentation changes and may be peeled offpeeling. Furthermore, protruding buttons and seals on the skin appear and when pressed, pain is felt.
Sometimes redness appears on the skin's surface in these places, convex areas of blood vessels and nodes can be clearly seen if the patient is in an upright position. Once in a recumbent position, the tension of the vessels is significantly reduced and they become invisible. Walking for long periods of time can cause muscle pain of varying intensity.
The clinical image depicted requires immediate consultation with a specialist and qualified assistance. Lack of the necessary treatment in most cases leads to serious complications.
Pathology is diagnosed by means of diagnostic measures such as Doppler ultrasound and duplex scanning.
Doppler ultrasound detects reflux. Duplex scanning complements the information obtained during the Doppler scan and allows you to confirm the diagnosis.
In the early stage, only a specialist can identify varicose veins. If you suspect that you have an illness, you should contact your vascular surgeon or vein surgeon. After initial investigation and examination of the patient, additional studies are prescribed - ultrasound and contrast venous imaging.
With the help of an ultrasound examination, it is possible to confirm the presence of pathology, as well as to determine the presence of blood clots, tumors and evaluation of structural changes in the veins. Contrast angiography is carried out by intravenous administration of a special dye preparation, due to its movement that all violations of the structure and activity of the circulatory system are revealed.
Both methods are used in diagnosis, however, since the procedure is less painful, an ultrasound is more often performed.
The disease can be treated with medicine as well as surgery.
Ointments and topical creams used in conservative treatments:
The duration of use of topical preparations depends on the severity of varicose veins and is determined by the attending physician. Usually, the effects are noticeable as soon as the second week of use.
In addition to the drug, the patient is prescribed to wear compressed underwear (grades 1-2).
Varicose veins of the lower extremities is one of the most common vascular diseases and, according to statistics, the disease is rejuvenating steadily over the years.